Izard, in Measures of Personality and Social Psychological Constructs, 2015 UWIST Mood Adjective Checklist (UMACL) But beyond a certain age, the surviving organizations had a lower mortality rate than those founded in a more friendly environment. According to Swaminathan ( 1996), organizations founded in adverse environments have a higher initial mortality rate. Thus, an unfavorable environment-the dynamic environment-has positive consequences. Sharfman and Dean ( 1991) showed that munificence had no significant relationship with performance, but complexity and dynamism were positively related to success. Munificence falls into two subconcepts: ease of getting customers and ease of getting capital. ![]() ![]() Dynamism describes the variability and unpredictability of the environment. In a complex environment it is more difficult to get and to consider all the necessary information than in an easy environment. ![]() Complexity describes the homogeneity versus heterogeneity of an environment. The task environment can be divided into three bipolar dimensions: complexity, dynamism, and munificence. Rauch, in International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences, 2001 7 Environmental ConditionsĮach enterprise is nested in a specific environment.
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